Method: Array#sum

Defined in:

array.c

#sum(init = 0) ⇒ Numeric #sum(init = 0) {|e| ... } ⇒ Numeric

Returns the sum of elements. For example, [e1, e2, e3].sum returns init + e1 + e2 + e3.

If a block is given, the block is applied to each element before addition.

If ary is empty, it returns init.

[].sum                             #=> 0
[].sum(0.0)                        #=> 0.0
[1, 2, 3].sum                      #=> 6
[3, 5.5].sum                       #=> 8.5
[2.5, 3.0].sum(0.0) {|e| e * e }   #=> 15.25
[Object.new].sum                   #=> TypeError

The (arithmetic) mean value of an array can be obtained as follows.

mean = ary.sum(0.0) / ary.length

This method can be used for non-numeric objects by explicit init argument.

["a", "b", "c"].sum("")            #=> "abc"
[[1], [[2]], [3]].sum([])          #=> [1, [2], 3]

However, Array#join and Array#flatten is faster than Array#sum for array of strings and array of arrays.

["a", "b", "c"].join               #=> "abc"
[[1], [[2]], [3]].flatten(1)       #=> [1, [2], 3]

Array#sum method may not respect method redefinition of “+” methods such as Integer#+.

Overloads:

• #sum(init = 0) ⇒ Numeric

  Returns:

  • (Numeric)
• #sum(init = 0) {|e| ... } ⇒ Numeric

  Yields:

  • (e)

  Returns:

  • (Numeric)

# File 'array.c', line 6564

static VALUE
rb_ary_sum(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
{
    VALUE e, v, r;
    long i, n;
    int block_given;

    v = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : LONG2FIX(0));

    block_given = rb_block_given_p();

    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0)
        return v;

    n = 0;
    r = Qundef;
    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
        e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
        if (block_given)
            e = rb_yield(e);
        if (FIXNUM_P(e)) {
            n += FIX2LONG(e); /* should not overflow long type */
            if (!FIXABLE(n)) {
                v = rb_big_plus(LONG2NUM(n), v);
                n = 0;
            }
        }
        else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_BIGNUM))
            v = rb_big_plus(e, v);
        else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL)) {
            if (r == Qundef)
                r = e;
            else
                r = rb_rational_plus(r, e);
        }
        else
            goto not_exact;
    }
    v = finish_exact_sum(n, r, v, argc!=0);
    return v;

  not_exact:
    v = finish_exact_sum(n, r, v, i!=0);

    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(e)) {
        /*
         * Kahan-Babuska balancing compensated summation algorithm
         * See http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-005-0139-x
         */
        double f, c;
        double x, t;

        f = NUM2DBL(v);
        c = 0.0;
        goto has_float_value;
        for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
            e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
            if (block_given)
                e = rb_yield(e);
            if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(e))
              has_float_value:
                x = RFLOAT_VALUE(e);
            else if (FIXNUM_P(e))
                x = FIX2LONG(e);
            else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_BIGNUM))
                x = rb_big2dbl(e);
            else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL))
                x = rb_num2dbl(e);
            else
                goto not_float;

            if (isnan(f)) continue;
            if (isnan(x)) {
                f = x;
                continue;
            }
            if (isinf(x)) {
                if (isinf(f) && signbit(x) != signbit(f))
                    f = NAN;
                else
                    f = x;
                continue;
            }
            if (isinf(f)) continue;

            t = f + x;
            if (fabs(f) >= fabs(x))
                c += ((f - t) + x);
            else
                c += ((x - t) + f);
            f = t;
        }
        f += c;
        return DBL2NUM(f);

      not_float:
        v = DBL2NUM(f);
    }

    goto has_some_value;
    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
        e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
        if (block_given)
            e = rb_yield(e);
      has_some_value:
        v = rb_funcall(v, idPLUS, 1, e);
    }
    return v;
}