Class: Rsel::SeleniumTest

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Support
Defined in:
lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb

Overview

Main Selenium-test class, and wrapper for all Selenium method calls. This class is intended to be instantiated in a FitNesse / Slim script table. May be customized or extended using a subclass.

@note: Function names beginning with the words 'check', 'ensure', 'reject', 'note', 'show', or 'start' cannot be called from a Slim script table, since these are keywords that receive special handling by Slim.

Examples:

!| script | selenium test | http://www.example.com/ |
| script | selenium test | !-http://www.example.com/-! |

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Support

#apply_scope, #csspath, #escape_for_hash, #failed_within, #globify, #normalize_ids, #result_within, #selenium_compare, #string_is_true?, #strip_tags, #xpath, #xpath_expressions, #xpath_row_containing, #xpath_sanitize

Constructor Details

#initialize(url, options = {}) ⇒ SeleniumTest

Initialize a test, connecting to the given Selenium server.

Examples:

| script | selenium test | http://site.to.test/ |
| script | selenium test | http://site.to.test/ | !{host:192.168.0.3} |
| script | selenium test | http://site.to.test/ | !{host:192.168.0.3, port:4445} |
| script | selenium test | http://site.to.test/ | !{stop_on_failure:true} |

Parameters:

  • url (String)

    Full URL, including http://, of the system under test. Any HTML tags around the URL will be stripped.

  • options (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Additional configuration settings

Options Hash (options):

  • :host (String)

    IP address or hostname where selenium-server is running

  • :port (String)

    Port number of selenium-server

  • :browser (String)

    Which browser to run. Should be a string like '*firefox' (default), '*googlechrome', '*opera', '*iexplore', '*safari' etc.

  • :stop_on_failure (String, Boolean)

    true or 'true' to abort the test when a failure occurs; false or 'false' to continue execution when failure occurs.

  • :study (String, Integer)

    How many steps have to be done at once to force studying. Default is Never (0). Other accepted strings are Always' (1),Auto(matic)` (10 for most browsers and 1 for Internet Explorer), or an integer. Unrecognized strings result in the default.

  • :timeout (String, Integer)

    Default timeout in seconds. This determines how long the open method will wait for the page to load, as well as the default timeout for methods like see_within_seconds, do_not_see_within_seconds, and see_alert_within_seconds.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 63

def initialize(url, options={})
  # Strip HTML tags from URL
  @url = strip_tags(url)
  @browser = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(
    :host => options[:host] || 'localhost',
    :port => options[:port] || 4444,
    :browser => options[:browser] || '*firefox',
    :url => @url,
    :default_timeout_in_seconds => options[:timeout] || 300)
  # Accept Booleans or strings, case-insensitive
  if options[:stop_on_failure].to_s =~ /true/i
    @stop_on_failure = true
  else
    @stop_on_failure = false
  end
  @found_failure = false
  @conditional_stack = [ true ]
  # Study data
  @study = StudyHtml.new()
  # @fields_study_min: The minimum number of fields to set_fields or fields_equal at once before studying is invoked.
  # To be on the safe side, studying is turned off by default, unless you set another value.
  @fields_study_min = parse_fields_study_min(options[:study], 0)
  @default_fields_study_min = @fields_study_min
  # @xpath_study_length_min: The minimum number of characters in an xpath before studying is invoked when @fields_study_min == 1.
  @xpath_study_length_min = 100
  # A list of error messages:
  @errors = []
end

Dynamic Method Handling

This class handles dynamic methods through the method_missing method

#method_missing(method, *args, &block) ⇒ Object

Invoke a missing method. If a method is called on a SeleniumTest instance, and that method is not explicitly defined, this method will check to see whether the underlying Selenium::Client::Driver instance can respond to that method. If so, that method is called instead.

Prefixing a method with "check_" will verify the return string against the last argument. This allows checking string values within an if block.

Since:

  • 0.0.6



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1421

def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  do_check = false
  if(/^check_/ === method.to_s)
    # This emulates the FitNesse | Check | prefix, without the messy string return.
    do_check = true
    method = method.to_s.sub(/^check_/,'').to_sym
    check_against = args.pop.to_s
  end

  # Allow methods like "Type" that have Ruby homonyms to be called with a "selenium" prefix.
  method = method.to_s.sub(/^selenium_/,'').to_sym if /^selenium_/ === method.to_s

  if @browser.respond_to?(method)
    # Most methods should dirty the study object.  These include get_eval and get_expression.
    @study.dirty unless /^(get_(el|[^e])|is_)/ === method.to_s
    begin
      result = @browser.send(method, *args, &block)
    rescue
      failure "Method #{method} error"
    else
      # The method call succeeded
      # Should we check this against another string?
      if do_check
        return pass_if selenium_compare(result.to_s, check_against),
          "Expected '#{check_against}', but got '#{result.to_s}'"
      end
      # Did it return true or false?
      return failure if result == false
      # If a string, return that. We might Check or Show it.
      return result if result == true || (result.is_a? String)
      # Not a Boolean return value or string--assume passing
      return true
    end
  else
    super
  end
end

Instance Attribute Details

#browserObject (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute browser.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 92

def browser
  @browser
end

#found_failureObject

Returns the value of attribute found_failure.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 92

def found_failure
  @found_failure
end

#stop_on_failureObject

Returns the value of attribute stop_on_failure.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 92

def stop_on_failure
  @stop_on_failure
end

#urlObject (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute url.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 92

def url
  @url
end

Instance Method Details

#begin_scenarioObject

Begin a new scenario, and forget about any previous failures. This allows you to modularize your tests into standalone sections that can run independently of previous scenarios, regardless of whether those scenarios passed or failed.

Examples:

| Begin scenario |

Since:

  • 0.0.9



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 236

def begin_scenario
  @found_failure = false
  @errors = []
  return true
end

#begin_studyObject

Study the current web page, for more efficient parsing and data retrieval on the Rsel side rather than the Selenium browser side. Named for the Perl "study" command. Like its namesake, begin_study takes some time.

Warning: When you study, you can learn information more quickly, but you may not be aware of what's going on around you! If any action you perform has side-effects on the web page, you may not notice them while studying is on. This is why so many methods call #end_study automatically. But many cases remain where you could get into trouble if you forget this.

Note: Calling this twice in a row without an intervening end_study will result in the first end_study not actually ending studying. Again, many methods call end_study, so this is a possible, but unlikely, problem.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 177

def begin_study
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  fail_on_exception do
    @study.begin_section { page_to_study }
  end
end

#button_exists(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Ensure that a button exists on the page.

Examples:

| Button | Search | exists |
| Button | Search | exists | !{within:members} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Text, value, or id of the button

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath

Since:

  • 0.0.2



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 570

def button_exists(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  locator = loc(locator, 'button', scope)
  @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.

  # Study workaround when possible.
  bodynode = @study.get_node(locator)
  return true if bodynode
  pass_if @browser.element?(locator)
end

#checkbox_is_disabled(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Verify that a given checkbox is disabled (unchecked)

Examples:

| Checkbox | send me spam | is disabled |
| Checkbox | send me spam | is disabled | !{within:opt_in} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, value, or id of the checkbox to inspect

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 867

def checkbox_is_disabled(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  xp = loc(locator, 'checkbox', scope)
  @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  begin
    enabled = @browser.checked?(xp)
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify checkbox #{locator}"
  else
    return !enabled
  end
end

#checkbox_is_enabled(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Verify that a given checkbox is enabled (checked)

Examples:

| Checkbox | send me spam | is enabled |
| Checkbox | send me spam | is enabled | !{within:opt_in} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, value, or id of the checkbox to inspect

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 815

def checkbox_is_enabled(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  xp = loc(locator, 'checkbox', scope)
  @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  begin
    enabled = @browser.checked?(xp)
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify checkbox #{locator}"
  else
    return enabled
  end
end

#click(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Click on a link or button, and wait for a page to load.

Examples:

| Click | Next   |
| Click | Logout |
| Click; | Logout | !{within:header} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Text, value or id of the link or button to click



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 708

def click(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  fail_on_exception do
    @browser.click(loc(locator, 'link_or_button', scope))
  end
end

#click_backObject

Click the Back button to navigate to the previous page.

Examples:

| Click back |


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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 281

def click_back
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  end_study
  fail_on_exception do
    @browser.go_back
  end
end

#click_button(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object Also known as: press

Press a button. Passes if the button exists and is not disabled. Fails if the button is not found, or is disabled.

Examples:

| Click | Search | button |
| Press | Login |
| Click | Search | button | !{within:customers} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Text, value, or id of the button

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 750

def click_button(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  button = loc(locator, 'button', scope)
  fail_on_exception do
    ensure_editable(button) && @browser.click(button)
  end
end

Click on a link.

Examples:

| Click | Logout | link |
| Follow | Logout |
| Click | Logout | link | !{within:header} |
| Click | Edit | link | !{in_row:Eric} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Text or id of the link, or image alt text

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 728

def click_link(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  fail_on_exception do
    @browser.click(loc(locator, 'link', scope))
  end
end

#close_browser(show_errors = '') ⇒ Object

Stop the session and close the browser window. Show error messages in an exception if requested.

Examples:

| Close browser |
| Close browser | and show errors |
| Close browser | without showing errors |


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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 133

def close_browser(show_errors='')
  @browser.close_current_browser_session
  end_study
  if in_conditional?
    # Note the lack of return.  This just adds an error to the stack if we're in a conditional.
    failure "If without matching End if"
    reset_conditionals
  end

  # Show errors in an exception if requested.
  if (!(/not|without/i === show_errors) && @errors.length > 0)
    raise StopTestStepFailed, @errors.join("\n").gsub('<','&lt;')
  end
  return true
end

#continue_studyObject

If studying is turned off, a flag is set, but the page is not deleted. This method turns the flag back on, without reloading the web page. Useful if you called one of the methods that calls #end_study, but you expect that the page (or the relevant part of a page) didn't actually change. (Or you just want to verify data on the old page.)



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 205

def continue_study
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  pass_if @study.keep_clean(true), "Unable to continue studying: no page has been studied!"
end

#disable_checkbox(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Disable (uncheck) a checkbox by clicking on it. If the checkbox is already disabled, do nothing. Passes if the checkbox exists and is editable. Fails if the checkbox is not found, or is not editable.

Examples:

| Disable | Send me spam | checkbox |
| Disable | Send me spam | checkbox | !{within:opt_in} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, value, or id of the checkbox to uncheck

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 795

def disable_checkbox(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  cb = loc(locator, 'checkbox', scope)
  fail_on_exception do
    ensure_editable(cb) && checkbox_is_enabled(cb) && @browser.click(cb)
  end
end

#do_not_see(text, scope = nil) ⇒ Object

Ensure that the given text does not appear on the current page.

Examples:

| Do not see | Take a hike |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    Plain text that should not be visible on the current page

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: nil)

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 355

def do_not_see(text, scope=nil)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  if scope.nil?
    # Can't do a Study workaround - it doesn't know what's visible.
    return pass_if [email protected]?(text)
  else
    selector = loc("css=", '', scope).strip
    @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
    begin
      # Can't do a Study workaround - it doesn't know what's visible.
      match = selenium_compare(@browser.get_text(selector), globify(text))
      return pass_if !match,
        "'#{text}' not expected, but found in '#{@browser.get_text(selector)}'"
    rescue
      # Do not see the selector, so do not see the text within it.
      return true
    end
  end
end

#do_not_see_title(title) ⇒ Object

Ensure that the current page does not have the given title text.

Examples:

| Do not see title | Someone else's homepage |

Parameters:

  • title (String)

    Text of the page title that you should not see



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 483

def do_not_see_title(title)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  pass_if !(@browser.get_title == title)
end

#do_not_see_within_seconds(text, seconds = -1,, scope = nil) ⇒ Object

Ensure that the given text does not appear on the current page, eventually.

Examples:

| Click | close | button | !{within:popup_ad} |
| Do not see | advertisement | within | 10 | seconds |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    Plain text that should disappear from or not be present on the current page

  • seconds (Integer, String) (defaults to: -1,)

    Integer number of seconds to wait, or -1 to use the default timeout.

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: nil)

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 433

def do_not_see_within_seconds(text, seconds=-1, scope=nil)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  end_study
  if scope.nil? && (seconds.is_a? Hash)
    scope = seconds
    seconds = -1
  end
  seconds = @browser.default_timeout_in_seconds if seconds == -1
  if scope.nil?
    return pass_if result_within(seconds) {
      [email protected]?(text)
    }
    # This would be better if it worked:
    # pass_if @browser.wait_for(:no_text => text, :timeout_in_seconds => seconds);
  else
    selector = loc("css=", '', scope).strip
    return pass_if failed_within(seconds) {
      selenium_compare(@browser.get_text(selector), globify(text))
    }
  end
end

Check whether an option is currently selected in a dropdown/combo box.

Examples:

| Dropdown | Height | equals | Tall |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the dropdown

  • option (String)

    The option you expect to be selected

Since:

  • 0.0.2



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 988

def dropdown_equals(locator, option, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  begin
    selected = @browser.get_selected_label(loc(locator, 'select', scope))
    @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify dropdown #{locator}"
  else
    pass_if selected == option, "Dropdown equals '#{selected}', not '#{option}'"
  end
end

Check whether an option exists in a dropdown/combo box.

Examples:

| Dropdown | Height | includes | Tall |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the dropdown

  • option (String)

    The option to look for

Since:

  • 0.0.2



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 963

def dropdown_includes(locator, option, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # TODO: Apply scope
  dropdown = XPath::HTML.select(locator)
  opt = dropdown[XPath::HTML.option(option)]
  opt_str = "xpath=#{opt.to_s}"
  # Study workaround when possible.
  bodynode = @study.get_node(opt_str)
  return true if bodynode
  pass_if @browser.element?(opt_str)
end

#enable_checkbox(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Enable (check) a checkbox by clicking on it. If the checkbox is already enabled, do nothing. Passes if the checkbox exists and is editable. Fails if the checkbox is not found, or is not editable.

Examples:

| Enable | Send me spam | checkbox |
| Enable | Send me spam | checkbox | !{within:opt_in} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, value, or id of the checkbox to check

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 773

def enable_checkbox(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  cb = loc(locator, 'checkbox', scope)
  fail_on_exception do
    ensure_editable(cb) && checkbox_is_disabled(cb) && @browser.click(cb)
  end
end

#end_ifObject

End an if block.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1555

def end_if
  return false if aborted?
  # If there was no prior matching if, fail.
  return failure "End if without matching if" if !in_conditional?

  last_status = @conditional_stack.pop
  # If this end_if is within an un-executed if block, don't execute it.
  return nil if last_status.nil?
  return true
end

#end_scenarioObject

End the current scenario. For now, this does not do anything, but is merely provided for symmetry with #begin_scenario.

Examples:

| End scenario |

Since:

  • 0.0.9



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 251

def end_scenario
  end_study
  return true
end

#end_studyObject

Turn off studying. Several other methods call this, including:



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 194

def end_study
  @study.end_section
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  return true
end

#errorsObject

Show any current error messages. Also clears the error message log.

Examples:

| Show | errors |

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 157

def errors
  current_errors = @errors
  @errors = []
  return current_errors.join("\n")
end

#field_contains(locator, text, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Verify that a text field contains the given text. The field may include additional text, as long as the expected value is in there somewhere.

Examples:

| Field | First name | contains | Eric |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the field you want to inspect

  • text (String)

    Text to expect in the field



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 660

def field_contains(locator, text, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  begin
    field = @browser.field(loc(locator, 'field', scope))
    @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify field #{locator}"
  else
    pass_if field.include?(text), "Field contains '#{field}', not '#{text}'"
  end
end

#field_equals(locator, text, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Verify that a text field's value equals the given text. The value must match exactly.

Examples:

| Field | First name | equals | Eric |
| Field | First name | equals; | Eric | !{within:contact} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the field you want to inspect

  • text (String)

    Text to expect in the field



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 685

def field_equals(locator, text, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  begin
    field = @browser.field(loc(locator, 'field', scope))
    @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify field #{locator}"
  else
    pass_if field == text, "Field contains '#{field}', not '#{text}'"
  end
end

#field_equals_among(field, value, ids = {}, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Check a value (with #set_field) in the named field, based on the given name/value pairs. Uses Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash to allow certain characters in FitNesse.

Parameters:

  • field (String)

    A Locator or a name listed in the ids hash below. If a name listed in the ids below, this field is case-insensitive.

  • value (String)

    Plain text to go into a field

  • ids (defaults to: {})

    A hash mapping common names to Locators. (Optional, but redundant without it) The hash keys are case-insensitive.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1296

def field_equals_among(field, value, ids={}, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # FitNesse passes in "" for an empty field. Fix it.
  ids = {} if ids == ""

  normalize_ids(ids)

  if ids[field.downcase]
    return generic_field_equals(escape_for_hash(ids[field.downcase]), value, scope)
  else
    return generic_field_equals(field, value, scope)
  end
end

#fields_equal(fields = {}, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Check values (with #set_field) in the named fields of a hash, based on the given name/value pairs. Uses Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash to allow certain characters in FitNesse. Note: Order of entries is not guaranteed, and depends on the version of Ruby on your server!

Parameters:

  • fields (defaults to: {})

    A key-value hash where the keys are Locators (case-sensitive) and the values are the string values you want in the fields.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1321

def fields_equal(fields={}, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # FitNesse passes in "" for an empty field. Fix it.
  fields = {} if fields == ""

  method_study = false
  if @fields_study_min != 0 && @fields_study_min <= fields.length
    method_study = true
    # Then we want the page to be studied throughout this method.
    begin_study
  end

  fields.keys.each do |field|
    unless generic_field_equals(escape_for_hash(field.to_s), escape_for_hash(fields[field]), scope)
      end_study if method_study
      return failure
    end
  end
  if method_study
    end_study
    @study.undo_last_dirty
  end
  return true
end

#fields_equal_among(fields = {}, ids = {}, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Check values (with #set_field) in the named fields, based on the given name/value pairs, and with mapping of names in the ids field. Uses Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash to allow certain characters in FitNesse. Note: Order of entries is not guaranteed, and depends on the version of Ruby on your server!

Examples:

Suppose you have a nasty form whose fields have nasty locators.
Suppose further that you want to fill in this form, many times, filling
in different fields different ways.
Begin by creating a Scenario table:

    | scenario | Check nasty form fields | values |
    | fields equal | @values | among | !{Name:id=nasty_field_name_1,Email:id=nasty_field_name_2,E-mail:id=nasty_field_name_2,Send me spam:id=nasty_checkbox_name_1} |

Using that you can now say something like:

    | Check nasty form fields | !{Name:Ken,email:[email protected],send me spam: no} |

Or:

    | Check nasty form fields | !{Name:Ken,Send me Spam: no} |

Or:

    | Check nasty form fields | !{name:Ken,e-mail:,SEND ME SPAM: yes} |

Parameters:

  • fields (defaults to: {})

    A key-value hash where the keys are keys of the ids hash (case-insensitive), or Locators (case-sensitive), and the values are the string values you want in the fields.

  • ids (defaults to: {})

    A hash mapping common names to Locators. (Optional, but redundant without it) The hash keys are case-insensitive.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1383

def fields_equal_among(fields={}, ids={}, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # FitNesse passes in "" for an empty field. Fix it.
  ids = {} if ids == ""
  fields = {} if fields == ""

  method_study = false
  if @fields_study_min != 0 && @fields_study_min <= fields.length
    method_study = true
    # Then we want the page to be studied throughout this method.
    begin_study
  end

  fields.keys.each do |field|
    unless field_equals_among(escape_for_hash(field.to_s), escape_for_hash(fields[field]), ids, scope)
      end_study if method_study
      return failure
    end
  end
  if method_study
    end_study
    @study.undo_last_dirty
  end
  return true
end

#fill_in_with(locator, text, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Fill in a field with the given text. Passes if the field exists and is editable. Fails if the field is not found, or is not editable.

Examples:

| Fill in | First name | with | Eric |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the field you want to type into

  • text (String)

    What to type into the field

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 644

def fill_in_with(locator, text, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  type_into_field(text, locator, scope)
end

#generic_field_equals(locator, value = '', scope = {}) ⇒ Object

A generic way to check any field, of any type. (Just about.) Kind of nasty since it needs to use Javascript on the page.

Types accepted:

  • a*
  • button*
  • input
    • type=button*
    • type=checkbox
    • type=image*
    • type=radio*
    • type=reset*
    • type=submit*
    • type=text
  • select
  • textarea

* Value is ignored: this control type is just clicked/selected.

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the field control. Identification by non-Selenium methods may not work for some links and buttons.

  • value (String) (defaults to: '')

    Value you want to verify the field equal to. (Default: empty string.) Parsed by Rsel::Support#string_is_true?

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1253

def generic_field_equals(locator, value='', scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  fail_on_exception do
    loceval = loc(locator, 'field', scope)
    @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
    case tagname(loceval)
    when 'input.text', /^textarea\./
      return field_equals(loceval, value)
    when 'input.radio'
      if string_is_true?(value)
        return radio_is_enabled(loceval)
      else
        return radio_is_disabled(loceval)
      end
    when 'input.checkbox'
      if string_is_true?(value)
        return checkbox_is_enabled(loceval)
      else
        return checkbox_is_disabled(loceval)
      end
    when /^select\./
      return dropdown_equals(loceval, value)
    else
      return failure("Unidentified field for comparison: #{locator}.")
    end
  end
end

#if_i_see(text) ⇒ Object

If I see the given text, do the steps until I see an otherwise or end_if. Otherwise do not do those steps.

Examples:

| If I see | pop-over ad |
| Click | Close | button |
| End if |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    Plain text that should be visible on the current page

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1493

def if_i_see(text)
  return false if aborted?
  cond = false
  begin
    cond = @browser.text?(text)
  rescue
    # Something went wrong.  Therefore, I did not see the text.
    cond = false
  end
  return push_conditional(cond)
end

#if_is(text, expected) ⇒ Object

If the first parameter is the same as the second, do the steps until I see an otherwise or end_if. Otherwise do not do those steps.

Examples:

| $name= | Get value | id=response_field |
| If | $name | is | George |
| Type | Hi, George. | into | chat | field |
| Otherwise |
| Type | Go away! Bring me George! | into | chat | field |
| End if |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    A string.

  • expected (String)

    Another string. Uses `selenium_compare', so glob, regexp, etc. are accepted.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1546

def if_is(text, expected)
  return false if aborted?
  return push_conditional(selenium_compare(text, expected))
end

#if_parameter(text) ⇒ Object

If the given parameter is "yes" or "true", do the steps until I see an otherwise or end_if. Otherwise do not do those steps.

Examples:

| If parameter | ${spam_me} |
| Enable | Send me spam | checkbox |
| See | Email: | within | 10 | seconds |
| Type | ${spam_me_email} | into field | spammable_email |
| End if |

Parameters:

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1521

def if_parameter(text)
  return false if aborted?
  return push_conditional(string_is_true?(text))
end

Ensure that a link exists on the page.

Examples:

| Link | Logout | exists |
| Link | Logout | exists | !{within:header} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Text or id of the link, or image alt text

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath

Since:

  • 0.0.2



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 545

def link_exists(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  locator = loc(locator, 'link', scope)
  @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.

  # Study workaround when possible.
  bodynode = @study.get_node(locator)
  return true if bodynode
  pass_if @browser.element?(locator)
end

#maximize_browserObject

Maximize the browser window. May not work in some browsers.

Examples:

| Maximize browser |


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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 309

def maximize_browser
  @browser.window_maximize
  return true
end

#open_browserObject

Start the session and open a browser to the URL defined at the start of the test. If a browser session is already open, just return true.

Examples:

| Open browser |

Raises:



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 104

def open_browser
  return true if @browser.session_started?
  begin
    @browser.start_new_browser_session
  rescue
    raise StopTestCannotConnect,
      "Cannot connect to Selenium server at #{@browser.host}:#{@browser.port}"
  else
    visit @url
  end

  # Use javascript-xpath for IE, since it's a lot faster than the default
  if @browser.browser_string == '*iexplore'
    @browser.use_xpath_library('javascript-xpath')
  end

  # Make Selenium highlight elements whenever it locates them
  @browser.highlight_located_element = true
end

#otherwiseObject

The else case to match any if.

| if parameter | $login_by_phone | | type | $login | into field | phone_number | | otherwise | | type | $login | into field | login | | end if |

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1577

def otherwise
  return false if aborted?
  # If there was no prior matching if, fail.
  return failure "Otherwise without matching if" if !in_conditional?

  # If this otherwise is within an un-executed if block, don't execute it.
  return nil if in_nil_conditional?

  last_stack = @conditional_stack.pop
  @conditional_stack.push !last_stack
  return true if @conditional_stack.last == true
  return nil if @conditional_stack.last == false
  return failure
end

#page_loads_in_seconds_or_less(seconds) ⇒ Object

Wait some number of seconds for the current page request to finish. Fails if the page does not finish loading within the specified time.

Examples:

| Page loads in | 10 | seconds or less |

Parameters:

  • seconds (String, Int)

    How long to wait for before timing out



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1026

def page_loads_in_seconds_or_less(seconds)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  end_study
  fail_on_exception do
    @browser.wait_for_page_to_load(seconds)
  end
end

#pause_seconds(seconds) ⇒ Object Also known as: pause_secs

Pause for a certain number of seconds.

Examples:

| Pause | 5 | seconds |

Parameters:

  • seconds (String, Int)

    How many seconds to pause



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1009

def pause_seconds(seconds)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  sleep seconds.to_i
  return true
end

#radio_is_disabled(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Verify that a given radio button is disabled (unchecked)

Examples:

| Radio | medium | is disabled |
| Radio | medium | is disabled | !{within:shirt_size} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, value, or id of the radio button to inspect

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath

Since:

  • 0.0.4



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 894

def radio_is_disabled(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  xp = loc(locator, 'radio_button', scope)
  @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  begin
    enabled = @browser.checked?(xp)
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify radio #{locator}"
  else
    return !enabled
  end
end

#radio_is_enabled(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Verify that a given radio button is enabled (checked)

Examples:

| Radio | medium | is enabled |
| Radio | medium | is enabled | !{within:shirt_size} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, value, or id of the radio button to inspect

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath

Since:

  • 0.0.4



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 842

def radio_is_enabled(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  xp = loc(locator, 'radio_button', scope)
  @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
  begin
    enabled = @browser.checked?(xp)
  rescue
    failure "Can't identify radio #{locator}"
  else
    return enabled
  end
end

#refresh_pageObject

Reload the current page.

Examples:

| Refresh page |


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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 295

def refresh_page
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  end_study
  fail_on_exception do
    @browser.refresh
  end
end

#reset_conditionalsObject

Reset the conditional stack to its initial state. This method is included mainly for unit testing purposes, and is not intended to be called by normal test scripts.

Since:

  • 0.1.2



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1598

def reset_conditionals
  @conditional_stack = [true]
end

#respond_to?(orgmethod, include_private = false) ⇒ Boolean

Return true if SeleniumTest explicitly responds to a given method name, or if the underlying Selenium::Client::Driver instance can respond to it. This is a counterpart to #method_missing, used for checking whether a given method can be called on this instance.

Returns:

  • (Boolean)

Since:

  • 0.0.6



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1468

def respond_to?(orgmethod, include_private=false)
  # Allow methods like "Type" that have Ruby homonyms to be called with a "selenium" prefix.
  method = orgmethod.to_s.sub(/^(check_)?(selenium_)?/,'')
  if @browser.respond_to?(method)
    true
  else
    super
  end
end

#row_exists(cells) ⇒ Object

Ensure that a table row with the given cell values exists. Order does not matter as of v0.1.1.

Examples:

| Row exists | First, Middle, Last, Email |
| Row | First, Last, Middle, Email | exists |

Parameters:

  • cells (String)

    Comma-separated cell values you expect to see. If you need to include a literal comma, use the Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash syntax, \'.

Since:

  • 0.0.3



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 595

def row_exists(cells)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  cells = cells.split(/, */).map { |s| escape_for_hash(s) }
  locator = "xpath=#{xpath_row_containing(cells)}"

  # Study workaround when possible.
  bodynode = @study.get_node(locator)
  return true if bodynode
  pass_if @browser.element?(locator)
end

#see(text, scope = nil) ⇒ Object

Ensure that the given text appears on the current page.

Examples:

| See | Welcome, Marcus |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    Plain text that should be visible on the current page

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: nil)

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 326

def see(text, scope=nil)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  if scope.nil?
    # Can't do a Study workaround - it doesn't know what's visible.
    return pass_if @browser.text?(text)
  else
    selector = loc("css=", '', scope).strip
    @study.undo_last_dirty # This method does not modify the browser page contents.
    # Can't do a Study workaround - it doesn't know what's visible.
    fail_on_exception do
      match = selenium_compare(@browser.get_text(selector), globify(text))
      return pass_if match,
        "'#{text}' not found in '#{@browser.get_text(selector)}'"
    end
  end
end

#see_alert_within_seconds(text = nil, seconds = -1)) ⇒ Object

Ensure that an alert appears, optionally having the given text, within the given time or the default timeout.

Examples:

| see alert within seconds |
  Validates any alert within the default timeout.
| see alert | Illegal operation! Authorities have been notified. | within | 15 | seconds |
  Validates that the next alert that appears within the given timeout is as specified.

Parameters:

  • text (String) (defaults to: nil)

    Text of the alert that you expect to see

  • seconds (Integer, String) (defaults to: -1))

    Integer number of seconds to wait, or -1 to use the default timeout.

Since:

  • 0.1.2



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 507

def see_alert_within_seconds(text=nil, seconds=-1)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # Handle the case of being given seconds, but not text.
  if seconds == -1
    begin
      if Integer(text.to_s).to_s == text.to_s
        seconds = text.to_s
        text = nil
      end
    rescue
    end
  end
  seconds = @browser.default_timeout_in_seconds if seconds == -1
  alert_text = result_within(seconds) {
    @browser.get_alert
  }
  if alert_text
    return true if text.nil?
    return pass_if selenium_compare(alert_text, text),
      "Expected alert '#{text}', but got '#{alert_text}'!"
  else
    return failure
  end
end

#see_title(title) ⇒ Object

Ensure that the current page has the given title text.

Examples:

| See title | Our Homepage |

Parameters:

  • title (String)

    Text of the page title that you expect to see



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 465

def see_title(title)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # Study workaround when possible.  (Probably won't happen a lot, but possible.)
  bodynode = @study.get_node('xpath=/html/head/title')
  return true if bodynode && bodynode.inner_text.strip == title
  pass_if @browser.get_title == title,
    "Page title is '#{@browser.get_title}', not '#{title}'"
end

#see_within_seconds(text, seconds = -1,, scope = nil) ⇒ Object

Ensure that the given text appears on the current page, eventually.

Examples:

| Click | ajax_login | button |
| See | Welcome back, Marcus | within | 10 | seconds |
| Note | The following uses the Selenium default timeout: |
| See | How do you feel? | within seconds | !{within:terminal} |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    Plain text that should be appear on or visible on the current page

  • seconds (Integer, String) (defaults to: -1,)

    Integer number of seconds to wait, or -1 to use the default timeout.

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: nil)

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 396

def see_within_seconds(text, seconds=-1, scope=nil)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  end_study
  if scope.nil? && (seconds.is_a? Hash)
    scope = seconds
    seconds = -1
  end
  seconds = @browser.default_timeout_in_seconds if seconds == -1
  if scope.nil?
    return pass_if result_within(seconds) {
      @browser.text?(text)
    }
    # This would be better if it worked:
    # pass_if @browser.wait_for(:text => text, :timeout_in_seconds => seconds);
  else
    selector = loc("css=", '', scope).strip
    return pass_if result_within(seconds) {
      selenium_compare(@browser.get_text(selector), globify(text))
    }
  end
end

#select_from_dropdown(option, locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Select an option from a dropdown/combo box. Passes if the dropdown exists, is editable, and includes the given option. Fails if the dropdown is not found, the option is not found, or the dropdown is not editable.

Examples:

| Select | Tall | from | Height | dropdown |
| Select | Tall | from dropdown | Height |

Parameters:

  • option (String)

    The option to choose from the dropdown

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the dropdown



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 942

def select_from_dropdown(option, locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  dropdown = loc(locator, 'select', scope)
  fail_on_exception do
    ensure_editable(dropdown) && @browser.select(dropdown, option)
  end
end

#select_radio(locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Select a radio button. Passes if the radio button exists and is editable. Fails if the radiobutton is not found, or is not editable.

Examples:

| Select | female | radio |
| Select | female | radio | !{within:gender} |

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, id, or name of the radio button to select

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 920

def select_radio(locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  radio = loc(locator, 'radio_button', scope)
  fail_on_exception do
    ensure_editable(radio) && @browser.click(radio)
  end
end

#set_field(locator, value = '', scope = {}) ⇒ Object

A generic way to fill in any field, of any type. (Just about.) Kind of nasty since it needs to use Javascript on the page.

Types accepted:

  • a*
  • button*
  • input
    • type=button*
    • type=checkbox
    • type=image*
    • type=radio*
    • type=reset*
    • type=submit*
    • type=text
  • select
  • textarea

* Value is ignored: this control type is just clicked/selected.

Parameters:

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the field control. Identification by non-Selenium methods may not work for some links and buttons.

  • value (String) (defaults to: '')

    Value you want to set the field to. (Default: empty string.) Parsed by Rsel::Support#string_is_true?

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1064

def set_field(locator, value='', scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  fail_on_exception do
    loceval = loc(locator, 'field', scope)
    mytagname = ''
    begin
      mytagname = tagname(loceval)
    rescue
      loceval = loc(locator, 'link_or_button', scope)
      mytagname = tagname(loceval)
    end
    #puts "My tag name is #{mytagname}\n"
    #puts "My loceval is #{loceval}\n" #if /^id=/ === loceval
    case mytagname
    when 'input.text', /^textarea\./
      return type_into_field(value, loceval)
    when 'input.radio'
      return select_radio(loceval)
    when 'input.checkbox'
      if string_is_true?(value)
        return enable_checkbox(loceval)
      else
        return disable_checkbox(loceval)
      end
    when /^select\./
      return select_from_dropdown(value, loceval)
    when /^(a|button)\./,'input.button','input.submit','input.image','input.reset'
      return click(loceval)
    else
      return failure("Unidentified field #{locator}.")
    end
  end
end

#set_field_among(field, value, ids = {}, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Set a value (with #set_field) in the named field, based on the given name/value pairs. Uses Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash to allow certain characters in FitNesse.

Parameters:

  • field (String)

    A Locator or a name listed in the ids hash below. If a name listed in the ids below, this field is case-insensitive.

  • value (String)

    Plain text to go into a field

  • ids (defaults to: {})

    A hash mapping common names to Locators. (Optional, but redundant without it) The hash keys are case-insensitive.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1114

def set_field_among(field, value, ids={}, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # FitNesse passes in "" for an empty field. Fix it.
  ids = {} if ids == ""

  normalize_ids(ids)

  if ids[field.downcase]
    return set_field(escape_for_hash(ids[field.downcase]), value, scope)
  else
    return set_field(field, value, scope)
  end
end

#set_fields(fields = {}, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Set values (with #set_field) in the named fields of a hash, based on the given name/value pairs. Uses Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash to allow certain characters in FitNesse. Note: Order of entries is not guaranteed, and depends on the version of Ruby on your server!

Parameters:

  • fields (defaults to: {})

    A key-value hash where the keys are Locators (case-sensitive) and the values are the string values you want in the fields.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1139

def set_fields(fields={}, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # FitNesse passes in "" for an empty field. Fix it.
  fields = {} if fields == ""

  method_study = false
  if @fields_study_min != 0 && @fields_study_min <= fields.length
    method_study = true
    # Then we want the page to be studied throughout this method.
    begin_study
  end

  fields.each do |key, value|
    key_esc = escape_for_hash(key.to_s)
    value_esc = escape_for_hash(value.to_s)
    unless set_field(key_esc, value_esc, scope)
      end_study if method_study
      return failure "Failed to set field #{key_esc} to #{value_esc}"
    end
  end
  end_study if method_study
  return true
end

#set_fields_among(fields = {}, ids = {}, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Set values (with #set_field) in the named fields, based on the given name/value pairs, and with mapping of names in the ids field. Uses Rsel::Support#escape_for_hash to allow certain characters in FitNesse. Note: Order of entries is not guaranteed, and depends on the version of Ruby on your server!

Examples:

Suppose you have a nasty form whose fields have nasty locators. Suppose
further that you want to fill in this form, many times, filling in
different fields different ways. Begin by creating a Scenario table:

    | scenario | Set nasty form fields | values |
    | Set | @values | fields among | !{Name:id=nasty_field_name_1,Email:id=nasty_field_name_2,E-mail:id=nasty_field_name_2,Send me spam:id=nasty_checkbox_name_1} |

Using that you can now say something like:

    | Set nasty form fields | !{Name:Ken,email:[email protected],send me spam: no} |

Or:

    | Set nasty form fields | !{Name:Ken,Send me Spam: no} |

Or:

    | Set nasty form fields | !{name:Ken,e-mail:,SEND ME SPAM: yes} |

Parameters:

  • fields (defaults to: {})

    A key-value hash where the keys are keys of the ids hash (case-insensitive), or Locators (case-sensitive), and the values are the string values you want in the fields.

  • ids (defaults to: {})

    A hash mapping common names to Locators. (Optional, but redundant without it) The hash keys are case-insensitive.

Since:

  • 0.1.1



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 1199

def set_fields_among(fields={}, ids={}, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  # FitNesse passes in "" for an empty field. Fix it.
  ids = {} if ids == ""
  fields = {} if fields == ""

  method_study = false
  if @fields_study_min != 0 && @fields_study_min <= fields.length
    method_study = true
    # Then we want the page to be studied throughout this method.
    begin_study
  end

  fields.each do |key, value|
    key_esc = escape_for_hash(key.to_s)
    value_esc = escape_for_hash(value.to_s)
    unless set_field_among(key_esc, value_esc, ids, scope)
      end_study if method_study
      return failure("Failed to set #{key_esc} (#{ids[key_esc]}) to #{value_esc}")
    end
  end
  end_study if method_study
  return true
end

#set_fields_study_min(level = nil) ⇒ Object

Set the minimum number of fields that must appear in a set_fields before studying is invoked. "Never", or 0, turns off studying. "Always", or 1, turns studying on whenever a long xpath is found. Any other non-integer string resumes the studying pattern set in the initial option.

Parameters:

  • level (String or Integer) (defaults to: nil)

    A (parsable) integer



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 218

def set_fields_study_min(level=nil)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  fail_on_exception do
    @fields_study_min = parse_fields_study_min(level, @default_fields_study_min)
    end_study if @fields_study_min == 0
  end
end

#type_into_field(text, locator, scope = {}) ⇒ Object

Type a value into the given field. Passes if the field exists and is editable. Fails if the field is not found, or is not editable.

Examples:

| Type | Dale | into | First name | field |
| Type | Dale | into | First name | field | !{within:contact} |

Parameters:

  • text (String)

    What to type into the field

  • locator (String)

    Label, name, or id of the field you want to type into

  • scope (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Scoping keywords as understood by Rsel::Support#xpath



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 622

def type_into_field(text, locator, scope={})
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  field = loc(locator, 'field', scope)
  fail_on_exception do
    ensure_editable(field) && @browser.type(field, text)
  end
end

#visit(path_or_url) ⇒ Object

Load an absolute URL or a relative path in the browser.

Examples:

| Visit | http://www.automation-excellence.com |
| Visit | /software |

Parameters:

  • path_or_url (String)

    Relative path or absolute URL to load. Absolute URLs must be in the same domain as the URL that was passed to #initialize.



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# File 'lib/rsel/selenium_test.rb', line 267

def visit(path_or_url)
  return skip_status if skip_step?
  end_study
  fail_on_exception do
    @browser.open(strip_tags(path_or_url))
  end
end