Class: RMatrix::Matrix

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Enumerable, Indices
Defined in:
lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb,
lib/rmatrix/typecode.rb,
lib/rmatrix/shortcuts.rb,
lib/rmatrix/plot.rb

Direct Known Subclasses

Vector

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Typecode

Constant Summary collapse

OPERATIONS_MAP = 
{
  :& => 'and',
  :^ => 'xor',
  :| => 'or'
}

Class Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Indices

#[], #[]=, #build_result_map, #indexify, #method_missing, #raw, #unmap_args, #unmap_index, #walk_indices

Constructor Details

#initialize(source, typecode = Typecode::FLOAT, column_map: nil, row_map: nil, column_label_map: nil, row_label_map: nil) ⇒ Matrix

Returns a new instance of Matrix.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 18

def initialize(source, typecode=Typecode::FLOAT, column_map: nil, row_map: nil, column_label_map: nil, row_label_map: nil)
  self.typecode    = typecode
  self.narray      = two_dimensional(source, typecode)
  self.row_map     = row_map
  self.column_map  = column_map
end

Dynamic Method Handling

This class handles dynamic methods through the method_missing method in the class RMatrix::Indices

Class Attribute Details

.named_inspect ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute named_inspect.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 5

def named_inspect
  @named_inspect
end

Instance Attribute Details

#column_label_map ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute column_label_map.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 14

def column_label_map
  @column_label_map
end

#column_map ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute column_map.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 15

def column_map
  @column_map
end

#invert_next_operation ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute invert_next_operation.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 14

def invert_next_operation
  @invert_next_operation
end

#matrix ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 44

def matrix
  @matrix ||= narray.empty? ? narray : NMatrix.refer(narray)
end

#narray ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute narray.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 14

def narray
  @narray
end

#row_label_map ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute row_label_map.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 14

def row_label_map
  @row_label_map
end

#row_map ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute row_map.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 15

def row_map
  @row_map
end

#typecode ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute typecode.



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 14

def typecode
  @typecode
end

Class Method Details

.[](*inputs, typecode: Typecode::FLOAT, row_map: nil, column_map: nil, column_label_map: nil, row_label_map: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 407

def self.[](*inputs, typecode: Typecode::FLOAT, row_map: nil, column_map: nil, column_label_map: nil, row_label_map: nil)
  if inputs.length == 1 && Matrix === inputs[0]
    inputs[0]
  elsif inputs.length == 1 && [String, Symbol].include?(inputs[0].class)
    if ['byte', 'sint', 'int', 'sfloat', 'float', 'scomplex', 'complex', 'object'].include?(inputs[0])
      ->(*source){ Matrix.new(source, inputs[0], row_map: row_map, column_map: column_map, row_label_map: row_label_map, column_label_map: column_label_map)}
    else
      Matrix.new(inputs[0], typecode, row_map: row_map, column_map: column_map, row_label_map: row_label_map, column_label_map: column_label_map)
    end
  else
    Matrix.new(inputs, typecode, row_map: row_map, column_map: column_map, row_label_map: row_label_map, column_label_map: column_label_map)
  end
end

._load(arg) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 88

def self._load arg
  split_index, buffer, index = 0, '', arg.length - 1
  split = Array.new(3)
  while split_index < 3
    case char = arg[index]
    when ':'
      split[split_index] = buffer.reverse.to_i
      split_index += 1
      buffer = ''
    else buffer << char
    end
    index -= 1
  end
  arg[index+1..-1] = ''
  self.new(NArray.to_na(arg, split[0]).reshape(split[2], split[1]), split[0])
end

.blank(rows: 1, columns: 1, typecode: Typecode::FLOAT, initial: 0, column_map: nil, row_map: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 48

def self.blank(rows: 1, columns: 1, typecode: Typecode::FLOAT, initial: 0, column_map: nil, row_map: nil)
  source = self.new(NArray.new(typecode, columns, rows), typecode, column_map: column_map, row_map: row_map)
  source.narray[]= initial unless source.empty?
  source
end

.gen_delegator(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 460

def self.gen_delegator(name)
  define_method(name) do |*args, &blk|
    result = matrix.send(name, *args, &blk)
    case result
    when NArray then Matrix.new(result, typecode)
    else result
    end
  end
end

.gen_matrix_delegator(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 441

def self.gen_matrix_delegator(name)
  define_method(name) do |*args, &blk|
    Matrix.new(matrix.send(name, *args, &blk), typecode)
  end
end

.gen_mutator(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 425

def self.gen_mutator(name)
  define_method(name) do |*args, &blk|
    matrix.send(name, *args, &blk)
    self
  end
end

.gen_typeconstructor(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 470

def self.gen_typeconstructor(name)
  define_singleton_method(name) do
    ->(*source){ Matrix.new(source, name.to_s) }
  end
end

.gen_vec_or_matrix_delegator(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 432

def self.gen_vec_or_matrix_delegator(name)
  define_method(name) do |*args, &blk|
    case self
    when Matrix then Matrix.new(matrix.send(name, *args, &blk), typecode)
    when Vector then Vector.new(matrix.send(name, *args, &blk), typecode)
    end
  end
end

.identity(size) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 173

def self.identity(size)
  blank = self.blank(rows: size, columns: size)
  blank.diagonal(1)
end

.ones(rows: 1, columns: 1) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 178

def self.ones(rows: 1, columns: 1)
  self.blank(rows: rows, columns: columns, initial: 1)
end

.seed(seed) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 509

def self.seed(seed)
  NArray.srand(seed)
end

.translate_op(op) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 481

def self.translate_op(op)
  OPERATIONS_MAP.fetch(op, op)
end

Instance Method Details

#*(other) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 301

def *(other)
  if other.kind_of?(Matrix)
    raise "Matrix A columns(#{self.columns}) != Matrix B rows(#{other.columns})" if other.rows != self.columns
    Matrix.new(self.matrix * other.matrix, typecode)
  else
    Matrix.new(apply_scalar(:*, other), typecode)
  end
end

#==(other) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 314

def ==(other)
  self.narray == Matrix[other].narray
end

#_dump(level) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 58

def _dump(level)
  narray.to_s << ':' << columns.to_s << ':' << rows.to_s << ':' << narray.typecode.to_s
end

#abs ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 147

def abs
  (self ** 2) ** 0.5
end

#adjoint ⇒ Object Also known as: A 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 297

def adjoint
  self.cofactor_matrix.transpose
end

#box_lines(lines, add_dots) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 322

def box_lines(lines, add_dots)
  "[#{lines.map{|l| "[#{l}#{add_dots ? ' ...' : '' }]"}.join(",\n  ")}]"
end

#coerce(other) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 151

def coerce(other)
  self.invert_next_operation = true
  [self, other]
end

#cofactor_matrix(*args) ⇒ Object Also known as: C 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 272

def cofactor_matrix(*args)
  return cofactor(*args) if args.length == 2

  result = []
  rows.times do |i|
    result << []
    columns.times do |j|
      result[i] << cofactor(i, j)
    end
  end
  return Matrix.new(result, typecode)
end

#columns ⇒ Object Also known as: cols 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 164

def columns
  self.shape.first
end

#concat(*others, rows: true) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 190

def concat(*others, rows: true)
  others.map!{|o| Matrix === o ? o.narray : NArray.to_na(o)}

  joined = case rows
  when true
    # raise "Rows must match #{self.rows}, #{others.map(&:rows)}" unless [self.rows, *others.map(&:shape).map(&:last)].uniq.count.one?
    height = self.rows + others.map(&:shape).map(&:last).inject(:+)
    width  = others[0].shape.first
    joined = ::NArray.new(typecode, width, height)
    joined[true, 0...self.rows] = self.narray
    current_row = self.rows
    others.each do |slice|
      slice_height = slice.shape[1]
      joined[true, current_row...current_row+slice_height] = slice
      current_row += slice_height
    end
    joined
  else
    width  = self.columns + others.map(&:shape).map(&:first).inject(:+)
    height = others[0].shape.last
    joined = ::NArray.new(typecode, width, height)
    joined[0...self.columns, true] = self.narray
    current_col = self.columns
    others.each do |slice|
      slice_width = slice.shape[0]
      joined[current_col...current_col+slice_width, true] = slice
      current_col += slice_width
    end
    joined
    # raise "Rows must match #{self.columns}, #{others.map(&:columns)}" unless [self.columns, *others.map(&:columns)].uniq.count.one?
  end

  Matrix.new(joined, typecode)
end

#condensed(sz = 10, sig = 6, vdots = '\\vdots', cdots = '\\cdots', ddots = '\\ddots') ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 375

def condensed(sz=10, sig=6, vdots='\\vdots', cdots='\\cdots', ddots='\\ddots')
  width  = [sz, self.cols].min
  height = [sz, self.rows].min
  insert_cdots = self.cols > sz
  insert_vdots = self.rows > sz

  width  += 1 if insert_cdots
  height += 1 if insert_vdots

  blank = M.blank(rows: height, columns: width, typecode: Typecode::OBJECT)
  blank.narray[0...width, 0...height] = self.narray[0...width, 0...height]

  blank.narray[0...width, -1] = self.narray[0...width, -1]
  blank.narray[-1,0...height] = self.narray[-1, 0...height]

  blank.narray[0...width, -2] = vdots if insert_vdots
  blank.narray[-2, 0...height] = cdots if insert_cdots

  if insert_cdots && insert_vdots
    blank.narray[-2, -2] = ddots
    blank.narray[-1, -2] = vdots
    blank.narray[-2, -1] = cdots
    blank.narray[-1, -1] = self.narray[-1, -1]
  end

  blank.narray.to_a.map{|line| (sig ? Array(line).map{|v| Numeric === v ? to_significant_figures(v,sig) : v } : Array(line))}
end

#determinant ⇒ Object Also known as: D 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 285

def determinant
  raise "Cannot calculate determinant of non-square matrix" unless columns == rows
  return self.raw[0, 0] * self.raw[1, 1]- self.raw[0, 1] * self.raw[1, 0] if(self.columns == 2)
  sign = 1
  det = 0
  self.columns.times do |i|
    det += sign * self.raw[0,i] * self.minor(0, i).determinant
    sign *= -1
  end
  return det
end

#diag(dim = 0) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 168

def diag(dim=0)
  raise "Must be square matrix" unless self.shape[0] == self.shape[1]
  Matrix.new((self.class.identity(self.shape[0]).mult self).sum(dim))
end

#each(&block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 105

def each(&block)
  e = Enumerator.new do |enum|
    matrix.each do |elm|
      enum << elm
    end
  end
  block_given? ? e.each(&block) : e
end

#each_column(&block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 114

def each_column(&block)
  e = Enumerator.new do |enum|
    (0...self.columns).each  do |i|
      enum << self.raw[true, i]
    end
  end
  block_given? ? e.each(&block) : e
end

#each_row(&block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 123

def each_row(&block)
 e = Enumerator.new do |enum|
    (0...self.rows).each  do |i|
      enum << self.raw[i, true]
    end
  end
  block_given? ? e.each(&block) : e
end

#flat_map(&block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 68

def flat_map(&block)
  map(&block).flatten(1)
end

#gplot(type: 'lines', series_names: [], xrange: nil, yrange: nil, title: '', ylabel: '', xlabel: '', style: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/plot.rb', line 2

def gplot(type: 'lines', series_names: [], xrange: nil, yrange: nil, title: '', ylabel: '', xlabel: '', style: nil)
  require 'gnuplot'
  require 'base64'
  output_file = Tempfile.new(['plt','.png']).path
  plot = nil
  Gnuplot.open do |gp|
    plot = Gnuplot::Plot.new( gp ) do |plot|

      plot.xrange "[#{xrange.begin}:#{xrange.end}]" if xrange
      plot.title  title
      plot.ylabel ylabel
      plot.xlabel xlabel
      plot.set("style", style) if style
      plot.terminal 'png size 1000,1000'

      x = (0..50).collect { |v| v.to_f }
      y = x.collect { |v| v ** 2 }

      plot.output(output_file)

      plot.data = self.each_row.map.with_index do |row, i|
        Gnuplot::DataSet.new(row.to_a) do |ds|
          ds.with = type
          ds.title = series_names[i] || ''
          yield ds if block_given?
        end
      end
    end
  end

  puts "\033]1337;File=inline=1:#{Base64.encode64(IO.read(output_file))}\a";
end

#gruff(title: '', type: 'Line', labels: {}, series_names: [], hide_legend: false, theme: Gruff::Themes::RAILS_KEYNOTE) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/plot.rb', line 35

def gruff(title: '', type: 'Line', labels:{}, series_names: [], hide_legend: false, theme: Gruff::Themes::RAILS_KEYNOTE)
  require 'gruff'
  g = Gruff.const_get(type).new
  # g.theme = {
  #   :colors => ["#3366CC","#DC3912","#FF9900","#109618","#990099","#3B3EAC","#0099C6","#DD4477","#66AA00","#B82E2E","#316395","#994499","#22AA99","#AAAA11","#6633CC","#E67300","#8B0707","#329262","#5574A6","#3B3EAC"],
  #   :marker_color => '#dddddd',
  #   :font_color => 'black',
  #   :background_colors => ['white', '#acacac']
  #   # :background_image => File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../assets/backgrounds/43things.png")
  # }
  # g.hide_legend = true if hide_legend || series_names.empty? && self.rows.to_i > 10
  # g.title = title
  # g.labels = {}
  self.each_row.map.with_index do |row, i|
    series_name = (series_names[i] || i).to_s
    g.data series_name, row.to_a[0..5].map{|v| v.round(2)}
  end if self.rows
  fname = "/tmp/chrt-#{Random.rand(1000000...9999999)}.png"
  g.write(fname)
  puts "\033]1337;File=inline=1:#{Base64.encode64(g.to_blob)}\a";
end

#inspect(sz: 10, sig: 6, names: RMatrix::Matrix.named_inspect) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 338

def inspect(sz: 10, sig: 6, names: RMatrix::Matrix.named_inspect)
  desc = case
  when self.is_vector? then "Vector(#{self.length})"
  else "Matrix(#{rows} x #{columns})"
  end
  "#{desc}\n#{RMatrix::MatrixTable.new(self).to_s}"
end

#is_vector? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 330

def is_vector?
  [rows, columns].include?(1)
end

#join(other) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 225

def join(other)
  case true
  when self.rows == 1 && other.rows == 1
    Vector.new(NArray.to_na([self.narray,other.narray]).to_type(self.typecode).reshape(self.columns + other.columns, 1))
  when self.columns == 1 && other.columns == 1
    Vector.new(NArray.to_na([self.narray,other.narray]).to_type(self.typecode).reshape(1, self.rows + other.rows))
  else
    raise "Couldn't join mismatched dimensions"
  end
end

#map(flatten: true) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 62

def map(flatten: true)
  narray.to_type(RMatrix::Matrix::Typecode::OBJECT).map do |x|
    yield x
  end.to_a
end

#mask ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 141

def mask
  mmap do |elm|
    (yield elm) ? 0 : elm
  end
end

#minor(x, y) ⇒ Object Also known as: M 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 268

def minor(x,y)
  return self.delete_at(y,x)
end

#mmap ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 132

def mmap
  as_na = NArray.to_na(
    matrix.each.map do |elm|
      yield elm
    end
  ).to_type(typecode)
  Matrix.new(as_na.reshape(*shape), typecode)
end

#mult(other) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 310

def mult(other)
  Matrix.new(self.narray * other.narray, typecode)
end

#parse_map(map, invert: false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 35

def parse_map(map, invert: false)
  case map
  when nil then map
  when Array then invert ? map.each.with_index.map.to_h.invert : map.each.with_index.map.to_h
  when Hash then map
  else raise 'Invalid map type encountered'
  end
end

#round(dp) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 326

def round(dp)
  mmap{|x| x.round(dp) }
end

#rows ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 160

def rows
  self.shape.last
end

#set_all(value) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 54

def set_all(value)
  narray[]=(value)
end

#size ⇒ Object Also known as: length 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 156

def size
  self.shape.inject(:*).to_i
end

#sum(dim = nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 447

def sum(dim=nil)
  case dim
  when nil then
    res = self.narray.sum
    NArray === res ? Matrix.new(0, typecode)[0] : res
  else Matrix.new(self.matrix.sum(dim), typecode)
  end
end

#sum_columns ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 186

def sum_columns
  sum(0)
end

#sum_rows ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 182

def sum_rows
  sum(1)
end

#threed_gplot(pm3d: false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/plot.rb', line 57

def threed_gplot(pm3d: false)
  require 'gnuplot'
  output_file = Tempfile.new(['plt','.png']).path
  plot = nil
  Gnuplot.open do |gp|
    plot = Gnuplot::SPlot.new( gp ) do |plot|

      case IRuby::Kernel.instance
      when nil
        puts "Setting output"
        plot.terminal 'png'
        plot.output(output_file)
      end
      # see sin_wave.rb
      plot.pm3d if pm3d
      plot.hidden3d

      plot.data << Gnuplot::DataSet.new( self.to_a ) do |ds|
        ds.with = 'lines'
        ds.matrix = true
      end

    end
  end

  puts "\033]1337;File=inline=1:#{Base64.encode64(IO.read(output_file))}\a";
end

#to_a ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 505

def to_a
  return narray.to_a
end

#to_f ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 72

def to_f
  if length === 1
    self.narray[0].to_f
  else
    raise "Can only call to_f on vectors of length 1"
  end
end

#to_i ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 80

def to_i
  if length === 1
    self.narray[0].to_i
  else
    raise "Can only call to_i on vectors of length 1"
  end
end

#to_m ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 513

def to_m
  self
end

#to_s ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 318

def to_s
  inspect
end

#to_significant_figures(x, p) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 334

def to_significant_figures(x, p)
  ("%-.#{p}e" % x).gsub(/0+e/,'e').gsub('.e+00','').gsub('e+00','')
end

#to_tex(sz = 10, sig = 6) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 346

def to_tex(sz = 10, sig=6)
  values = condensed(sz, sig)
  column_headers = column_label_map ? values[0].map.with_index do |v, i|
    case v
    when '\\cdots' then '\\cdots'
    else (column_label_map && column_label_map[i]) || i
    end
  end : []

  row_headers = row_label_map ? values.map.with_index do |v, i|
    case v[0]
    when '\\vdots' then '\\vdots'
    else (row_label_map && row_label_map[i]) || i
    end
  end : []

  "$\n\\\\begin{array}{c} &\n\\\\begin{array}{c} \#{column_headers.join(\" & \")} \\\\end{array}\\\\\\\\\n\\\\begin{array}{c} \#{row_headers.join(\" \\\\\\\\ \")} \\\\end{array} &\n  \\\\left(\\\\begin{array}{ccc}\n\#{values.map{|line| line.join(\" & \")}.join(\" \\\\\\\\ \")}\n  \\\\end{array}\\\\right)\n\\\\end{array}\n$\n"
end

#to_type(type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 456

def to_type(type)
  Matrix.new(narray.to_type(type), type)
end

#transpose ⇒ Object Also known as: T 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 403

def transpose()
  Matrix.new(self.matrix.transpose, typecode, column_map: self.row_map, row_map: self.column_map, column_label_map: self.row_label_map, row_label_map: self.column_label_map)
end

#two_dimensional(source, type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 236

def two_dimensional(source, type)
  case source
  when NArray
    if NMatrix === source
      @matrix = source
      source = NArray.refer(source)
    end
  when Numeric
    source = NArray.to_na([source])
  else
    source = NArray.to_na(source)
    if type != RMatrix::Matrix::Typecode::OBJECT &&
      source.typecode == RMatrix::Matrix::Typecode::OBJECT &&
      RMatrix::Matrix === source[0]
      source = NArray.to_na(source.map(&:to_a).to_a).to_type(typecode)
    end
    source
  end

  source = source.to_type(type) unless type == source.typecode

  case source.dim
  when 1
    source.reshape(source.length, 1)
  when 2, 0
    source
  else
    raise "Source for matrix must be either one or two dimensional" unless source.shape[2..-1].all?{|x| x == 1}
    source.reshape(source.shape[0], source.shape[1])
  end
end

#zip(*others) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/rmatrix/matrix.rb', line 421

def zip(*others)
  Matrix.new(super(*others), self.typecode)
end