Class: OpenStudio::Model::Model

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/to_openstudio/hvac/Model.hvac.rb,
lib/to_openstudio/hvac/radiant.rb

Overview

Note: This file is derived from the “Radiant Slab with DOAS” measure github.com/NREL/openstudio-model-articulation-gem/tree/develop/lib/measures/radiant_slab_with_doas It is intended that this file be updated if changes are made to the original measure

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#add_cbecs_hvac_system(standard, system_type, zones, doas_type) ⇒ Object

Adds the HVAC system as derived from the combinations of CBECS 2012 MAINHT and MAINCL fields. Mapping between combinations and HVAC systems per www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/41956.pdf Table C-31



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# File 'lib/to_openstudio/hvac/Model.hvac.rb', line 41

def add_cbecs_hvac_system(standard, system_type, zones, doas_type)
  # the 'zones' argument includes zones that have heating, cooling, or both
  # if the HVAC system type serves a single zone, handle zones with only heating separately by adding unit heaters
  # applies to system types PTAC, PTHP, PSZ-AC, and Window AC
  heated_and_cooled_zones = zones.select { |zone| standard.thermal_zone_heated?(zone) && standard.thermal_zone_cooled?(zone) }
  heated_zones = zones.select { |zone| standard.thermal_zone_heated?(zone) }
  cooled_zones = zones.select { |zone| standard.thermal_zone_cooled?(zone) }
  cooled_only_zones = zones.select { |zone| !standard.thermal_zone_heated?(zone) && standard.thermal_zone_cooled?(zone) }
  heated_only_zones = zones.select { |zone| standard.thermal_zone_heated?(zone) && !standard.thermal_zone_cooled?(zone) }
  system_zones = heated_and_cooled_zones + cooled_only_zones

  # system type naming convention:
  # [ventilation strategy] [cooling system and plant] [heating system and plant]

  case system_type

  when 'ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'ASHPBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DHWBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers_BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers_ASHPBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers_DHWBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers_Furnace'
    # Using unit heater to represent forced air furnace to limit to one airloop per thermal zone.
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers_UnitHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'EvapCoolers'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Evaporative Cooler', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_Chiller_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_Chiller_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_Chiller_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_Chiller_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_Chiller_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_Chiller'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_ACChiller_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_ACChiller_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_ACChiller_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_ACChiller_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled', air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_ACChiller_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled', air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_ACChiller'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled', air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_DCW_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_DCW_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_DCW_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_DCW_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_DCW_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'DOAS_FCU_DCW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: nil)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_VRF'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: 'DX',
                                   air_loop_cooling_type: 'DX')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VRF', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'DOAS_WSHP_FluidCooler_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Water Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   heat_pump_loop_cooling_type: 'FluidCooler',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_WSHP_CoolingTower_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Water Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   heat_pump_loop_cooling_type: 'CoolingTower',
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_WSHP_GSHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   air_loop_heating_type: 'DX',
                                   air_loop_cooling_type: 'DX')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Ground Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  when 'DOAS_WSHP_DCW_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, doas_type, ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Water Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones,
                                   zone_equipment_ventilation: false)

  # ventilation provided by zone fan coil unit in fan coil systems
  when 'FCU_Chiller_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'FCU_Chiller_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'FCU_Chiller_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'FCU_Chiller_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'FCU_Chiller_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'FCU_Chiller'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'FCU_ACChiller_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'FCU_ACChiller_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'FCU_ACChiller_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'FCU_ACChiller_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'FCU_ACChiller_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'FCU_ACChiller'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'FCU_DCW_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil ', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'FCU_DCW_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'FCU_DCW_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'FCU_DCW_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'FCU_DCW_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'FCU_DCW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Fan Coil', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'Furnace'
    # includes ventilation, whereas residential forced air furnace does not.
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Forced Air Furnace', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)
  
  when 'Furnace_Electric'
    # includes ventilation, whereas residential forced air furnace does not.
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Forced Air Furnace', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PTAC_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PTAC_BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PTAC_DHWBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PTAC_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PTAC_ElectricCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = 'Electricity', cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PTAC_GasCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PTAC_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard gas boiler' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PTAC_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard central air source heat pump' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PTAC_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard district hot water heat' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PTAC'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTAC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)

  when 'PTHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PTHP', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DHWBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_ElectricCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = 'Electricity', cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_GasCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard gas boiler' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard central air source heat pump' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard district hot water' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_ElectricCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = 'Electricity', cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_GasCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard gas boiler' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard central air source heat pump' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard district hot water' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  when 'PSZAC_DCW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', cooled_zones)

  when 'PSZHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PSZ-HP', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', system_zones)
    # use 'Baseboard electric' for heated only zones
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_only_zones)

  # PVAV systems by default use a DX coil for cooling
  when 'PVAV_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PVAV Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'PVAV_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PVAV Reheat', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'PVAV_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PVAV Reheat', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = 'DistrictHeating', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'PVAV_PFP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PVAV PFP Boxes', ht = 'Electricity', znht = 'Electricity', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'PVAV_BoilerElectricReheat'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'PVAV Reheat', ht = 'Gas', znht = 'Electricity', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  # all residential systems do not have ventilation
  when 'ResidentialAC_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = nil, cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'ResidentialAC_BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = nil, cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'ResidentialAC_ASHPBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = nil, cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'ResidentialAC_DHWBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = nil, cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'ResidentialAC_ResidentialFurnace'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential Forced Air Furnace with AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = nil, zones)

  when 'ResidentialAC'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = nil, cooled_zones)

  when 'ResidentialHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential Air Source Heat Pump', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'ResidentialHPNoCool'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential Air Source Heat Pump', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'ResidentialFurnace'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Residential Forced Air Furnace', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, zones)

  when 'VAV_Chiller_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'VAV_Chiller_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'VAV_Chiller_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = 'DistrictHeating', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'VAV_Chiller_PFP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV PFP Boxes', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'VAV_Chiller_GasCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Gas Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', ht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'VAV_ACChiller_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'VAV_ACChiller_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'VAV_ACChiller_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = 'DistrictHeating', cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'VAV_ACChiller_PFP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV PFP Boxes', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'VAV_ACChiller_GasCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Gas Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', ht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   chilled_water_loop_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')

  when 'VAV_DCW_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'VAV_DCW_ASHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'VAV_DCW_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Reheat', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = 'DistrictHeating', cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'VAV_DCW_PFP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV PFP Boxes', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'VAV_DCW_GasCoil'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VAV Gas Reheat', ht = 'NaturalGas', ht = 'NaturalGas', cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'VRF'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'VRF', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'WSHP_FluidCooler_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Water Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   heat_pump_loop_cooling_type: 'FluidCooler')

  when 'WSHP_CoolingTower_Boiler'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Water Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones,
                                   heat_pump_loop_cooling_type: 'CoolingTower')

  when 'WSHP_GSHP'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Ground Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', zones)

  when 'WSHP_DCW_DHW'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Water Source Heat Pumps', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = 'DistrictCooling', zones)

  when 'WindowAC_ElectricBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'Electricity', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'WindowAC_BoilerBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'WindowAC_ASHPBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'AirSourceHeatPump', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'WindowAC_DHWBaseboard'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Baseboards', ht = 'DistrictHeating', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'WindowAC_Furnace'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Forced Air Furnace', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'WindowAC_GasHeaters'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Unit Heaters', ht = 'NaturalGas', znht = nil, cl = nil, heated_zones)

  when 'WindowAC'
    standard.model_add_hvac_system(self, 'Window AC', ht = nil, znht = nil, cl = 'Electricity', cooled_zones)

  else
    puts "HVAC system type '#{system_type}' not recognized"

  end
end

#add_radiant_hvac_system(std, system_type, zones, rad_props) ⇒ Object

Adds a radiant HVAC system to the model



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# File 'lib/to_openstudio/hvac/radiant.rb', line 38

def add_radiant_hvac_system(std, system_type, zones, rad_props)
  # the 'zones' argument includes zones that have heating, cooling, or both
  conditioned_zones = zones.select { |zone| std.thermal_zone_heated?(zone) && std.thermal_zone_cooled?(zone) }

  # get the climate zone from the model, which will help set water temerpatures
  climate_zone_obj = self.getClimateZones.getClimateZone('ASHRAE', 2006)
  if climate_zone_obj.empty
    climate_zone_obj = self.getClimateZones.getClimateZone('ASHRAE', 2013)
  end
  if climate_zone_obj.empty || climate_zone_obj.value == ''
      climate_zone = ''
    else
      climate_zone = climate_zone_obj.value
    end
  
  # get the radiant hot water temperature based on the climate zone
  case climate_zone
  when '0', '1'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 90.0
    cz_mult = 2
  when '2', '2A', '2B'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 100.0
    cz_mult = 2
  when '3', '3A', '3B', '3C'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 100.0
    cz_mult = 3
  when '4', '4A', '4B', '4C'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 100.0
    cz_mult = 4
  when '5', '5A', '5B', '5C'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 110.0
    cz_mult = 4
  when '6', '6A', '6B'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 120.0
    cz_mult = 4
  when '7', '8'
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 120.0
    cz_mult = 5
  else  # unrecognized climate zone; default to climate zone 4
    radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f = 100.0
    cz_mult = 4
  end

  # create the hot water loop
  if system_type.include? 'ASHP'
    boiler_fuel_type = 'ASHP'
  elsif system_type.include? 'Boiler'
    boiler_fuel_type = 'NaturalGas'
  elsif system_type.include? 'DHW'
    boiler_fuel_type = 'DistrictHeating'
  end
  hot_water_loop = std.model_add_hw_loop(
    self,
    boiler_fuel_type,
    dsgn_sup_wtr_temp: radiant_htg_dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_f,
    dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_delt: 10.0)

  # create the chilled water loop
  if system_type.include? 'Radiant_Chiller'  # water-cooled chiller
    # make condenser water loop
    fan_type = std.model_cw_loop_cooling_tower_fan_type(self)
    condenser_water_loop = std.model_add_cw_loop(
      self,
      cooling_tower_type: 'Open Cooling Tower',
      cooling_tower_fan_type: 'Propeller or Axial',
      cooling_tower_capacity_control: fan_type,
      number_of_cells_per_tower: 1,
      number_cooling_towers: 1)
    # make chilled water loop
    chilled_water_loop = std.model_add_chw_loop(
      self,
      chw_pumping_type: 'const_pri_var_sec',
      dsgn_sup_wtr_temp: 55.0,
      dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_delt: 5.0,
      chiller_cooling_type: 'WaterCooled',
      condenser_water_loop: condenser_water_loop)
  elsif system_type.include? 'Radiant_ACChiller'  # air-cooled chiller
    chilled_water_loop = std.model_add_chw_loop(
      self,
      chw_pumping_type: 'const_pri_var_sec',
      dsgn_sup_wtr_temp: 55.0,
      dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_delt: 5.0,
      chiller_cooling_type: 'AirCooled')
  else  # district chilled water cooled
      chilled_water_loop = std.model_add_chw_loop(
        self,
        cooling_fuel: 'DistrictCooling',
        chw_pumping_type: 'const_pri_var_sec',
        dsgn_sup_wtr_temp: 55.0,
        dsgn_sup_wtr_temp_delt: 5.0)
  end

  # get the various controls for the radiant system
  if rad_props[:switch_over_time]
    switch_over_time = rad_props[:switch_over_time]
  else
    switch_over_time = 24
  end

  # add radiant system to the conditioned zones
  include_carpet = false
  control_strategy = 'proportional_control'
  if rad_props[:radiant_type]
    radiant_type = rad_props[:radiant_type].downcase
    if radiant_type == 'floorwithcarpet'
      radiant_type = 'floor'
      include_carpet = true
    elsif radiant_type == 'ceilingmetalpanel' || radiant_type == 'floorwithhardwood'
      control_strategy = 'default'
    end
  else
    radiant_type = 'floor'
  end

  radiant_loops = model_add_low_temp_radiant(
    std, conditioned_zones, hot_water_loop, chilled_water_loop,
    radiant_type: radiant_type,
    control_strategy: control_strategy,
    include_carpet: include_carpet,
    switch_over_time: switch_over_time,
    cz_mult: cz_mult)

  # if the equipment includes a DOAS, then add it
  if system_type.include? 'DOAS_'
    std.model_add_doas(self, conditioned_zones)
  end

end

#model_add_low_temp_radiant(std, thermal_zones, hot_water_loop, chilled_water_loop, radiant_type: 'floor', include_carpet: true, carpet_thickness_in: 0.25, model_occ_hr_start: 1.0, model_occ_hr_end: 24.0, control_strategy: 'proportional_control', proportional_gain: 0.3, switch_over_time: 24.0, cz_mult: 4) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/to_openstudio/hvac/radiant.rb', line 167

def model_add_low_temp_radiant(std,
                               thermal_zones,
                               hot_water_loop,
                               chilled_water_loop,
                               radiant_type: 'floor',
                               include_carpet: true,
                               carpet_thickness_in: 0.25,
                               model_occ_hr_start: 1.0,
                               model_occ_hr_end: 24.0,
                               control_strategy: 'proportional_control',
                               proportional_gain: 0.3,
                               switch_over_time: 24.0,
                               cz_mult: 4)

  # create internal source constructions for surfaces
  OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Warn, 'openstudio.Model.Model', "Replacing constructions with new radiant slab constructions.")

  # create materials
  # concrete slab materials
  mat_concrete_3_5in = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'MediumRough', 0.0889, 2.31, 2322, 832)
  mat_concrete_3_5in.setName('Radiant Slab Concrete - 3.5 in.')
  mat_concrete_1_5in = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'MediumRough', 0.0381, 2.31, 2322, 832)
  mat_concrete_1_5in.setName('Radiant Slab Concrete - 1.5 in')

  metal_mat = nil
  air_gap_mat = nil
  wood_mat = nil
  wood_floor_insulation = nil
  gypsum_ceiling_mat = nil
  if radiant_type == 'ceilingmetalpanel'
    metal_mat = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'MediumSmooth', 0.003175, 30, 7680, 418)
    metal_mat.setName('Radiant Metal Layer - 0.125 in')
    air_gap_mat = OpenStudio::Model::MasslessOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'Smooth', 0.004572)
    air_gap_mat.setName('Generic Ceiling Air Gap - R 0.025')
  elsif radiant_type == 'floorwithhardwood'
    wood_mat = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'MediumSmooth', 0.01905, 0.15, 608, 1629)
    wood_mat.setName('Radiant Hardwood Flooring - 0.75 in')
    wood_floor_insulation = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'Rough', 0.0508, 0.02, 56.06, 1210)
    wood_floor_insulation.setName('Radiant Subfloor Insulation - 4.0 in')
    gypsum_ceiling_mat = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'Smooth', 0.0127, 0.16, 800, 1089)
    gypsum_ceiling_mat.setName('Gypsum Ceiling for Radiant Hardwood Flooring - 0.5 in')
  end

  mat_refl_roof_membrane = self.getStandardOpaqueMaterialByName('Roof Membrane - Highly Reflective')
  if mat_refl_roof_membrane.is_initialized
    mat_refl_roof_membrane = self.getStandardOpaqueMaterialByName('Roof Membrane - Highly Reflective').get
  else
    mat_refl_roof_membrane = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'VeryRough', 0.0095, 0.16, 1121.29, 1460)
    mat_refl_roof_membrane.setThermalAbsorptance(0.75)
    mat_refl_roof_membrane.setSolarAbsorptance(0.45)
    mat_refl_roof_membrane.setVisibleAbsorptance(0.7)
    mat_refl_roof_membrane.setName('Roof Membrane - Highly Reflective')
  end

  if include_carpet
    carpet_thickness_m = OpenStudio.convert(carpet_thickness_in / 12.0, 'ft', 'm').get
    conductivity_si = 0.06
    conductivity_ip = OpenStudio.convert(conductivity_si, 'W/m*K', 'Btu*in/hr*ft^2*R').get
    r_value_ip = carpet_thickness_in * (1 / conductivity_ip)
    mat_thin_carpet_tile = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'MediumRough', carpet_thickness_m, conductivity_si, 288, 1380)
    mat_thin_carpet_tile.setThermalAbsorptance(0.9)
    mat_thin_carpet_tile.setSolarAbsorptance(0.7)
    mat_thin_carpet_tile.setVisibleAbsorptance(0.8)
    mat_thin_carpet_tile.setName("Radiant Slab Thin Carpet Tile R-#{r_value_ip.round(2)}")
  end

  # set exterior slab insulation thickness based on climate zone
  slab_insulation_thickness_m = 0.0254 * cz_mult
  mat_slab_insulation = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'Rough', slab_insulation_thickness_m, 0.02, 56.06, 1210)
  mat_slab_insulation.setName("Radiant Ground Slab Insulation - #{cz_mult} in.")

  ext_insulation_thickness_m = 0.0254 * (cz_mult + 1)
  mat_ext_insulation = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'Rough', ext_insulation_thickness_m, 0.02, 56.06, 1210)
  mat_ext_insulation.setName("Radiant Exterior Slab Insulation - #{cz_mult + 1} in.")

  roof_insulation_thickness_m = 0.0254 * (cz_mult + 1) * 2
  mat_roof_insulation = OpenStudio::Model::StandardOpaqueMaterial.new(self, 'Rough', roof_insulation_thickness_m, 0.02, 56.06, 1210)
  mat_roof_insulation.setName("Radiant Exterior Ceiling Insulation - #{(cz_mult + 1) * 2} in.")

  # create radiant internal source constructions
  radiant_ground_slab_construction = nil
  radiant_exterior_slab_construction = nil
  radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction = nil
  radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction = nil
  radiant_ceiling_slab_construction = nil
  radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction = nil
  radiant_ceiling_metal_construction = nil

  if radiant_type == 'floor'
    layers = []
    layers << mat_slab_insulation
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << mat_concrete_1_5in
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    radiant_ground_slab_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_ground_slab_construction.setName('Radiant Ground Slab Construction')
    radiant_ground_slab_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(2)
    radiant_ground_slab_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(3)
    radiant_ground_slab_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches

    layers = []
    layers << mat_ext_insulation
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << mat_concrete_1_5in
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    radiant_exterior_slab_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_exterior_slab_construction.setName('Radiant Exterior Slab Construction')
    radiant_exterior_slab_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(2)
    radiant_exterior_slab_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(3)
    radiant_exterior_slab_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches

    layers = []
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << mat_concrete_1_5in
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction.setName('Radiant Interior Floor Slab Construction')
    radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(1)
    radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(2)
    radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches
  elsif radiant_type == 'ceiling'
    layers = []
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << mat_concrete_1_5in
    radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction.setName('Radiant Interior Ceiling Slab Construction')
    slab_src_loc = include_carpet ? 2 : 1
    radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(slab_src_loc)
    radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(slab_src_loc + 1)
    radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches

    layers = []
    layers << mat_refl_roof_membrane
    layers << mat_roof_insulation
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << mat_concrete_1_5in
    radiant_ceiling_slab_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_ceiling_slab_construction.setName('Radiant Exterior Ceiling Slab Construction')
    radiant_ceiling_slab_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(3)
    radiant_ceiling_slab_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(4)
    radiant_ceiling_slab_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches
  elsif radiant_type == 'ceilingmetalpanel'
    layers = []
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << air_gap_mat
    layers << metal_mat
    layers << metal_mat
    radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction.setName('Radiant Interior Ceiling Metal Construction')
    radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(3)
    radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(4)
    radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.1524) # 6 inches
    
    layers = []
    layers << mat_refl_roof_membrane
    layers << mat_roof_insulation
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << air_gap_mat
    layers << metal_mat
    layers << metal_mat
    radiant_ceiling_metal_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_ceiling_metal_construction.setName('Radiant Ceiling Metal Construction')
    radiant_ceiling_metal_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(5)
    radiant_ceiling_metal_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(6)
    radiant_ceiling_metal_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.1524) # 6 inches
  elsif radiant_type == 'floorwithhardwood'
    layers = []
    layers << mat_slab_insulation
    layers << mat_concrete_3_5in
    layers << wood_mat
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    radiant_ground_wood_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_ground_wood_construction.setName('Radiant Ground Slab Wood Floor Construction')
    radiant_ground_wood_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(2)
    radiant_ground_wood_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(3)
    radiant_ground_wood_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches

    layers = []
    layers << mat_ext_insulation
    layers << wood_mat
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    radiant_exterior_wood_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_exterior_wood_construction.setName('Radiant Exterior Wood Floor Construction')
    radiant_exterior_wood_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(1)
    radiant_exterior_wood_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(2)
    radiant_exterior_wood_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches

    layers = []
    layers << gypsum_ceiling_mat
    layers << wood_floor_insulation
    layers << wood_mat
    layers << mat_thin_carpet_tile if include_carpet
    radiant_interior_wood_floor_construction = OpenStudio::Model::ConstructionWithInternalSource.new(layers)
    radiant_interior_wood_floor_construction.setName('Radiant Interior Wooden Floor Construction')
    radiant_interior_wood_floor_construction.setSourcePresentAfterLayerNumber(2)
    radiant_interior_wood_floor_construction.setTemperatureCalculationRequestedAfterLayerNumber(3)
    radiant_interior_wood_floor_construction.setTubeSpacing(0.2286) # 9 inches
  end

  # default temperature controls for radiant system
  zn_radiant_htg_dsgn_temp_f = 68.0
  zn_radiant_htg_dsgn_temp_c = OpenStudio.convert(zn_radiant_htg_dsgn_temp_f, 'F', 'C').get
  zn_radiant_clg_dsgn_temp_f = 74.0
  zn_radiant_clg_dsgn_temp_c = OpenStudio.convert(zn_radiant_clg_dsgn_temp_f, 'F', 'C').get

  htg_control_temp_sch = std.model_add_constant_schedule_ruleset(
    self,
    zn_radiant_htg_dsgn_temp_c,
    name = "Zone Radiant Loop Heating Threshold Temperature Schedule - #{zn_radiant_htg_dsgn_temp_f.round(0)}F")
  clg_control_temp_sch = std.model_add_constant_schedule_ruleset(
    self,
    zn_radiant_clg_dsgn_temp_c,
    name = "Zone Radiant Loop Cooling Threshold Temperature Schedule - #{zn_radiant_clg_dsgn_temp_f.round(0)}F")
  throttling_range_f = 4.0 # 2 degF on either side of control temperature
  throttling_range_c = OpenStudio.convert(throttling_range_f, 'F', 'C').get

  # make a low temperature radiant loop for each zone
  radiant_loops = []
  thermal_zones.each do |zone|
    OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Info, 'openstudio.Model.Model', "Adding radiant loop for #{zone.name}.")
    if zone.name.to_s.include? ':'
      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, 'openstudio.Model.Model', "Thermal zone '#{zone.name}' has a restricted character ':' in the name and will not work with some EMS and output reporting objects. Please rename the zone.")
    end

    # assign internal source construction to floors in zone
    srf_count = 0
    zone.spaces.each do |space|
      space.surfaces.each do |surface|
        if surface.isAirWall
          OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Info, 'openstudio.Model.Model', "Surface #{surface.name} cannot be set to a Radiant Construction as it is an AirBoundary.")
        elsif radiant_type == 'floor'
          if surface.surfaceType == 'Floor'
            srf_count += 1
            if surface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Ground'
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_ground_slab_construction)
            elsif surface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_exterior_slab_construction)
            else # interior floor
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_interior_floor_slab_construction)
            end
          end
        elsif radiant_type == 'ceiling'
          if surface.surfaceType == 'RoofCeiling'
            srf_count += 1
            if surface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_ceiling_slab_construction)
            else # interior ceiling
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_interior_ceiling_slab_construction)
            end
          end
        elsif radiant_type == 'ceilingmetalpanel'
          if surface.surfaceType == 'RoofCeiling'
            srf_count += 1
            if surface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_ceiling_metal_construction)
            else # interior ceiling
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_interior_ceiling_metal_construction)
            end
          end
        elsif radiant_type == 'floorwithhardwood'
          if surface.surfaceType == 'Floor'
            srf_count += 1
            if surface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Ground'
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_ground_wood_construction)
            elsif surface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_exterior_wood_construction)
            else # interior floor
              surface.setConstruction(radiant_interior_wood_floor_construction)
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    # ignore the Zone if it has not thermally active Faces
    if srf_count == 0
      next
    end

    # create radiant coils
    if hot_water_loop
      radiant_loop_htg_coil = OpenStudio::Model::CoilHeatingLowTempRadiantVarFlow.new(self, htg_control_temp_sch)
      radiant_loop_htg_coil.setName("#{zone.name} Radiant Loop Heating Coil")
      radiant_loop_htg_coil.setHeatingControlThrottlingRange(throttling_range_c)
      hot_water_loop.addDemandBranchForComponent(radiant_loop_htg_coil)
    else
      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, 'openstudio.Model.Model', 'Radiant loops require a hot water loop, but none was provided.')
    end

    if chilled_water_loop
      radiant_loop_clg_coil = OpenStudio::Model::CoilCoolingLowTempRadiantVarFlow.new(self, clg_control_temp_sch)
      radiant_loop_clg_coil.setName("#{zone.name} Radiant Loop Cooling Coil")
      radiant_loop_clg_coil.setCoolingControlThrottlingRange(throttling_range_c)
      chilled_water_loop.addDemandBranchForComponent(radiant_loop_clg_coil)
    else
      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, 'openstudio.Model.Model', 'Radiant loops require a chilled water loop, but none was provided.')
    end

    radiant_avail_sch = self.alwaysOnDiscreteSchedule
    radiant_loop = OpenStudio::Model::ZoneHVACLowTempRadiantVarFlow.new(self,
                                                                        radiant_avail_sch,
                                                                        radiant_loop_htg_coil,
                                                                        radiant_loop_clg_coil)

    # radiant loop surfaces
    radiant_loop.setName("#{zone.name} Radiant Loop")
    if radiant_type == 'floor'
      radiant_loop.setRadiantSurfaceType('Floors')
    elsif radiant_type == 'ceiling'
      radiant_loop.setRadiantSurfaceType('Ceilings')
    elsif radiant_type == 'ceilingmetalpanel'
      radiant_loop.setRadiantSurfaceType('Ceilings')
    elsif radiant_type == 'floorwithhardwood'
      radiant_loop.setRadiantSurfaceType('Floors')
    end

    # radiant loop layout details
    radiant_loop.setHydronicTubingInsideDiameter(0.015875) # 5/8 in. ID, 3/4 in. OD
    # @todo include a method to determine tubing length in the zone
    # loop_length = 7*zone.floorArea
    # radiant_loop.setHydronicTubingLength()
    radiant_loop.setNumberofCircuits('CalculateFromCircuitLength')
    radiant_loop.setCircuitLength(106.7)

    # radiant loop controls
    radiant_loop.setTemperatureControlType('MeanAirTemperature')
    radiant_loop.addToThermalZone(zone)
    radiant_loops << radiant_loop

    # rename nodes before adding EMS code
    std.rename_plant_loop_nodes(self)

    # TODO: Un-comment this once these controls are fixed (Matt made a lot of changes for OpenStudio 3.8)
    # set radiant loop controls
    #if control_strategy == 'proportional_control'
    #  std.model_add_radiant_proportional_controls(self, zone, radiant_loop,
    #                                              radiant_temperature_control_type: 'SurfaceFaceTemperature',
    #                                              use_zone_occupancy_for_control: true,
    #                                              occupied_percentage_threshold: 0.10,
    #                                              model_occ_hr_start: model_occ_hr_start,
    #                                              model_occ_hr_end: model_occ_hr_end,
    #                                              proportional_gain: proportional_gain,
    #                                              switch_over_time: switch_over_time)
    #end
  end

  return radiant_loops
end